Considering air source heat pump vs air conditioner? As UK homeowners and landlords increasingly explore cleaner, cost‑effective heating & cooling solutions, understanding the differences is key.
In this post, we compare both systems across vital metrics, helping you make an informed choice
Air Source Heat Pump vs Air Conditioner – A Quick Comparison
| Feature | Air Source Heat Pump | Air Conditioner |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Heating & cooling | Cooling only (heating inefficient) |
| Efficiency | SCOP ≈ 3–4.5 (COP 3–5 in mild weather) | SEER ≈ 3–4 |
| Running costs | ~£500–£900/year (heating & cooling) | ~£200–£600/year (cooling only) |
| Installation cost | £6,000–£13,000 (with Boiler Upgrade Scheme grants) | £1,000–£3,000 (split‑system) |
| Maintenance | Annual servicing (£100–£200) | Filter cleaning (£50–£150), refrigerant checks |
| Lifespan | 15–20 years | 10–15 years |
| Carbon emissions | ~850–1,900 kg CO₂/year | Higher emissions due to electricity‑only use |
| Planning permission | Not required under 1 m boundary rules (post‑May 2025) | No permission needed |
Air Source Heat Pump
An air source heat pump (ASHP) works by absorbing heat from the outside air even when temperatures drop as low as -15°C. It uses a refrigeration cycle, similar to a fridge in reverse, to compress and raise the temperature of the heat, which is then distributed throughout your home via radiators, underfloor heating, or a hot water cylinder.
If you’re interested in understanding more about how this works, especially in colder months, read our article on how heat pumps work in winter.
One of the key advantages of ASHPs is their reversibility: in summer, they can reverse the cycle to extract warm air from inside your home, providing cooling.
This dual functionality means air source heat pumps can cool your home, making them a sustainable, all-year-round solution, ideal for homeowners looking to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and future-proof their energy use.
Air source heat pumps are also compatible with solar panels, meaning you can power your heating and cooling system with your own renewable energy source, maximising efficiency and reducing your electricity bills further.
Concerns about how much electricity does an air source heat pump use are often offset by these efficiencies and potential solar integration.
For older properties or those with larger heating demands, installers like Future Heat can assess your home and recommend if additional insulation or radiator upgrades are necessary to ensure optimal performance.
This is particularly important when considering whether air source heat pumps work in old houses or whether air source heat pumps can heat radiators.
Below, we’ll discuss the advantages and drawbacks of air source heat pumps:
Air Source Heat Pumps – Pros
- Dual heating and cooling in one system
- Eligible for substantial government grants (Boiler Upgrade Scheme)
- High efficiency (COP 3–5), cutting annual energy usage. This relates to understanding air source heat pump efficiency.
- Significant carbon emissions reductions vs gas or oil
- Long lifespan (15–20 years) with fewer parts prone to failure
- May increase property value and appeal
Air Source Heat Pumps – Cons
- Higher capital investment and possible need for property upgrades. What are the typical air source heat pump costs involved, or the cost to replace a gas boiler with a heat pump? These are crucial considerations.
- Some installations require enhanced insulation or radiator/gas boiler
- Outdoor unit may need sufficient clearance and consideration in aesthetics
Air Conditioner
An air conditioner (AC) works by removing heat from the air inside your home and releasing it outside. It uses the same refrigeration principle as heat pumps, but the cycle is optimised solely for cooling.
Air conditioners are excellent at rapidly reducing indoor temperatures during warm weather, which is why they’re common in commercial settings and increasingly popular in UK homes during hotter summers.
Some modern AC units have a reversible heat mode, often called “heat pumps” in the context of air conditioning. However, these are typically far less efficient at heating when compared to dedicated air source heat pumps, especially during colder UK winters.
While air conditioners tend to be cheaper and easier to install, they do not provide heating, and therefore do not qualify for government grants like the Boiler Upgrade Scheme.
They’re best suited for small flats, conservatories, or single rooms that require targeted cooling rather than full-home climate control.
Air Conditioners – Pros
- Lower cost to buy and install
- Quick, effective cooling during heatwaves
- Simple installation process
- Ideal for smaller spaces with limited heating needs
Air Conditioners – Cons
- Cooling only — no heating capability
- Lower efficiency overall; less cost-effective long‑term
- Potential refrigerant leaks, higher carbon impact
- Shorter lifespan and little to no government support
Air Source Heat Pump vs Air Conditioner – Key Differences
Choosing between an air source heat pump and an air conditioner depends on several key factors: your property’s heating and cooling needs, your budget, long-term energy goals, and even your environmental values.
While both systems regulate indoor temperature, their efficiency, running costs, lifespan, environmental impact, and suitability for different types of homes vary significantly.
Below, we’ll break down these important considerations in detail, helping you assess which system offers better long-term value, comfort, and performance for your home or investment property.
Efficiency
Air source heat pumps:
When it comes to energy efficiency, air source heat pumps (ASHPs) significantly outperform traditional air conditioners particularly in the UK’s temperate climate.
Air source heat pumps can achieve a Coefficient of Performance (COP) between 3 and 5, meaning for every 1 kWh of electricity consumed, they produce 3–5 kWh of heat.
This makes them 300–500% efficient, a huge advantage over fossil fuel boilers or standalone electric heaters.
More importantly, modern ASHPs are designed to function efficiently even in sub-zero temperatures, making them suitable for year-round heating in most parts of the UK.
Air conditioners:
In contrast, air conditioners are typically rated by their Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER), which averages between 3 and 4 for standard UK units.
This means they produce 3–4 units of cooling for every unit of electricity used. While this is reasonably efficient for cooling during warmer months, it doesn’t compare to the year-round versatility and higher thermal efficiency offered by heat pumps.
Additionally, when air conditioners are used in reverse mode (i.e. for heating), their efficiency often drops significantly particularly in cold weather making them an unreliable heating solution in UK winters.
Winner: Air Source Heat Pump
The ability to provide both heating and cooling efficiently throughout the year makes heat pumps the superior choice in this category.
Running & Installation Costs
While both systems come with their own upfront and ongoing expenses, air source heat pumps (ASHPs) offer significant long-term savings thanks to government grants and lower yearly energy use. The table below highlights the cost breakdown:
| Cost Category | Air Source Heat Pump | Air Conditioner |
|---|---|---|
| Installation Cost | £6,000–£13,000 (after grant: from £500–£5,500) | £1,000–£3,000 (typical split system) |
| Government Support | Up to £7,500 (England & Wales) Up to £9,000 (Scotland) |
None |
| Annual Running Costs | £500–£900 per year | £200–£600 per year |
| Monthly Running Cost | £42–£75/month | £17–£50/month |
| Estimated Savings (Annual) | Up to £400/year, especially when replacing gas, oil or LPG heating | None (used only for cooling) |
| Estimated Savings (Monthly) | Up to £33/month | N/A |
Winner: Depends on Your Budget
If your budget is tight and you only need cooling, an air conditioner may suit you best. But for long-term savings and dual functionality, a heat pump provides better value over time, especially with available government grants.
This financial consideration is key when comparing a heat pump to a gas boiler or an electric boiler.
Maintenance & Servicing
Routine maintenance is essential for both air source heat pumps and air conditioners to ensure optimal performance, energy efficiency, and system longevity.
However, the type and frequency of maintenance can vary quite a bit between the two systems. Here’s how they compare:
| Maintenance Category | Air Source Heat Pump | Air Conditioner |
|---|---|---|
| Servicing Frequency | Once per year recommended | Once per year (or more in heavy usage environments) |
| Typical Annual Cost | £100–£200 | £50–£150 depending on size, use, and brand |
| Included Tasks | – Refrigerant check – Electrical inspection – Coil cleaning – Condensate drain flush – Heat exchanger inspection |
– Filter replacement – Refrigerant top-up – Coil cleaning – Fan and motor check |
| Risk of Major Repairs | Low when serviced regularly; most issues covered by long warranties | Moderate; refrigerant leaks and compressor failure more common |
| User Maintenance | Minimal – occasional debris clearance around outdoor unit | Requires filter cleaning/replacement every few weeks in summer |
| Manufacturer Warranty | Often 5–10 years (some up to 12) | Typically 2–5 years, sometimes shorter on budget models |
Winner: Air Source Heat Pump
While both systems require annual check-ups, heat pumps tend to be more reliable long-term and come with stronger warranty coverage, reducing stress and repair costs over time.
Lifespan
The lifespan of your system affects not just your upfront investment, but your long-term returns, maintenance burden, and potential for future upgrades. Here’s how air source heat pumps and air conditioners compare in durability and reliability:
| Lifespan Category | Air Source Heat Pump | Air Conditioner |
|---|---|---|
| Typical Lifespan | 15–20 years (with regular maintenance) | 10–15 years (can be lower in high-use environments) |
| Performance Over Time | Maintains high efficiency over 15+ years with minor efficiency drop in later years | Efficiency often drops significantly after 10 years |
| Climate Durability | Designed for UK’s variable climate; continues working in sub-zero temps | Performs well in summer but may struggle in extreme humidity or cold |
| Part Replacement Frequency | Low – fewer moving parts and less mechanical strain | Moderate – compressors, filters, fans may need replacing after 5–10 years |
| Upgrade Considerations | Long-term investment with potential to integrate with solar and battery storage systems | Shorter lifespan may require replacement or full upgrade sooner |
Winner: Air Source Heat Pump
Air source heat pumps offer a longer operational life with consistent performance and fewer part failures making them a smarter, future-proof investment for UK homeowners and landlords.
Carbon Emissions
Air source heat pumps:
Reducing your property’s carbon footprint is a key priority for many UK homeowners and landlords, especially with government targets aiming for net-zero emissions by 2050.
When comparing air source heat pumps and air conditioners, their impact on carbon emissions differs significantly.
Air source heat pumps are one of the most environmentally friendly heating and cooling options available. On average heat pump installation produces roughly 850 to 1,900 kg of CO₂ per year, depending on the size of the property and the energy source.
This represents a potential 80% reduction in carbon emissions compared to traditional gas boilers, which typically emit around 4,500 kg CO₂ annually for a similar home.
This major reduction is because ASHPs use electricity far more efficiently and, when paired with a renewable electricity supply (like solar panels), their emissions can approach zero.
Air conditioners:
In contrast, air conditioners only provide cooling and rely entirely on electricity consumption to run compressors and fans.
Their carbon emissions vary depending on the local grid mix but tend to be moderate to high, especially during peak summer months when demand surges.
Additionally, many AC units use refrigerants with high Global Warming Potential (GWP), such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which can leak and contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions if not properly maintained.
Newer models use lower-GWP refrigerants, but the environmental impact remains an important consideration.
While AC units don’t emit CO₂ directly, their indirect emissions from electricity use and refrigerants make them less sustainable compared to heat pumps.
Given the UK’s increasing renewable energy integration, heat pumps’ carbon advantage is expected to grow even stronger in the coming years.
Winner: Air Source Heat Pump
From a carbon emissions perspective, air source heat pumps offer a clear and substantial environmental benefit over air conditioners, helping properties move towards a cleaner, greener future aligned with UK government climate targets.
Planning Permission
Air source heat pumps:
Recent changes in UK planning regulations have made it easier than ever to install air source heat pumps (ASHPs).
Since May 2025, new rules allow outdoor units of ASHPs to be installed within 1 metre of the property boundary on detached homes without needing planning permission.
This update simplifies the installation process for many homeowners, reducing delays and costs previously associated with securing permissions.
However, if your property is a listed building, in a conservation area, or has special protections, you may still need to check with your local planning authority before proceeding.
Air conditioners:
By contrast, air conditioners rarely require planning permission, as their outdoor units are usually smaller and less obtrusive. This makes them easier to install in many cases, especially where property or location restrictions apply.
Winner: Air Conditioner
For most homeowners, air conditioners have the edge in planning permission ease due to their smaller size and fewer restrictions. However, recent rule changes have significantly reduced barriers for heat pump installations too.
Suitability to Different Property Types
When deciding between an air source heat pump and an air conditioner, one of the most important factors is your property’s characteristics.
Air source heat pumps
ASHPs work effectively in a wide range of homes across the UK, from modern builds to older properties.
However, they perform best when the building is reasonably well insulated, and heating systems like radiators may need upgrading to larger, low-temperature models to efficiently distribute heat.
For older or listed buildings, a detailed energy assessment is recommended to identify potential upgrades that improve efficiency without compromising historical features.
Our article on whether air source heat pumps work in older houses offers practical insights into their suitability for period properties and the considerations involved in retrofitting them effectively.
Air conditioners:
In contrast, air conditioners are primarily designed for cooling and can be installed in virtually any property type without modification.
They’re particularly well-suited to flats, conservatories, and rooms that need targeted cooling. However, they provide no heating benefit, so if you require year-round temperature control, a heat pump may be a better long-term investment.
For commercial properties or larger buildings, heat pumps can be scaled up to deliver efficient whole-building climate control, whereas air conditioners tend to serve individual zones or offices.
Winner: Air Source Heat Pump
Thanks to their versatility in providing both heating and cooling, scalability for larger properties, and suitability for a range of building types, air source heat pumps offer a more comprehensive climate control solution for most UK properties.
Noise Levels
Noise considerations are important when choosing between an air source heat pump (ASHP) and an air conditioner, especially in densely populated residential areas or where close neighbours live.
Air source heat pumps:
Modern air source heat pumps operate quietly, typically producing noise levels between 40 and 50 decibels (dB) when measured 1 metre away from the outdoor unit.
In fact, UK planning guidelines state that an ASHP unit must not exceed 42 dB(A) at 1 metre from the nearest neighbouring habitable window to avoid nuisance.
Advances in technology, including improved compressors and vibration dampening, have made newer models significantly quieter than earlier generations.
Proper installation and positioning also play a key role in minimising noise impact.
If you’re looking for a more detailed breakdown of what to expect, our article on how noisy air source heat pumps are covers the typical sound levels, influencing factors, and how they compare to other household appliances.
Air conditioners:
Air conditioners, particularly split-system models, generally operate at a similar or slightly lower noise level, often around 40 dB at 1 metre for the outdoor unit.
However, the indoor units can vary widely in noise output depending on the model and usage, with some producing a noticeable hum or airflow sound that can be disruptive, especially in bedrooms or quiet spaces.
For both systems, regular maintenance helps keep noise levels low by ensuring fans and compressors are clean and running smoothly.
When noise is a particular concern, such as in flats or properties with close neighbours, consulting with your installer about quieter models and optimal placement is recommended.
Winner: Tie
Both air source heat pumps and air conditioners are designed to operate quietly with noise levels generally below 50 dB, making them suitable for residential use. The best choice depends on specific model specifications and installation quality.
Space Requirements
When choosing between an air source heat pump (ASHP) and an air conditioner, it’s important to consider the space needed for installation, both outdoors and indoors.
Air Source Heat Pumps
ASHPs require a dedicated outdoor unit, which is typically larger than an air conditioner’s outdoor compressor.
The unit needs to be installed in a well-ventilated, accessible location with enough clearance, usually at least 1 metre from boundaries and obstacles to ensure efficient airflow and to comply with UK planning and noise regulations.
The outdoor footprint can range from about 0.5 to 1 square metre, so it requires a reasonable amount of garden, patio, or external wall space. Indoors, ASHPs connect to your heating system (radiators or underfloor heating), so space is needed for associated pipework and sometimes larger hot water cylinders.
Our detailed guide on how much space an air source heat pump needs explains exact clearance requirements, ideal placement options, and tips for space-efficient installation.
Air Conditioners
Air conditioners generally have smaller outdoor units compared to ASHPs, making them easier to fit in tighter spaces such as balconies or compact gardens.
Indoor units are often wall-mounted or ceiling cassette types, which require minimal floor space and are suitable for individual rooms.
This compact setup makes air conditioners ideal for flats, conservatories, or smaller properties where space is limited.
In both cases, professional installers will assess your property to ensure there is sufficient space for safe, effective operation, and will recommend optimal placement to minimise noise and maximise performance.
Winner: Air Conditioner
Thanks to their smaller outdoor units and flexible indoor installation options, air conditioners are better suited for properties with limited space or tight outdoor areas.
Air Source Heat Pump vs Air Conditioner: Which One Should You Choose?
Deciding between an air source heat pump and an air conditioner depends on your specific needs, budget, and property. Use the guide below to help make an informed choice.
Year-Round Heating and Cooling – Choose a Heat Pump
- Provides efficient heating in winter and cooling in summer
- Extracts heat from outside air, even in cold UK weather
- Qualifies for government grants like the Boiler Upgrade Scheme, reducing installation costs
- Higher upfront cost but significant long-term savings on energy bills and carbon emissions
- Ideal for homeowners and landlords aiming for a sustainable, low-carbon home
Cooling Only – Choose an Air Conditioner
- Primarily designed for indoor cooling during warmer months
- Generally cheaper and quicker to install than heat pumps
- Smaller outdoor units fit better in properties with limited space
- No heating function, so less versatile in UK’s cooler seasons
- Running costs can be higher if used heavily for cooling
Property Type and Insulation Matter
- Heat pumps perform best in well-insulated homes; older homes may need upgrades. This is key when considering if your house is suitable for a heat pump.
- Air conditioners work well in flats, conservatories, or rooms needing targeted cooling
- Commercial buildings can benefit from scalable heat pump systems for whole-building control
- Professional assessment (e.g., by Future Heat) is recommended to tailor the best solution
Expert Recommendation
- For a future-proof, eco-friendly solution with government incentives, go for an air source heat pump. You might also want to research the best air source heat pumps available.
- For affordable, effective cooling only, especially with limited space, consider an air conditioner
- Consult trusted local installers like Future Heat in Tyne and Wear and the North East for personalised advice and quotes.
Ready to Make the Switch?
If you’re based in Tyne & Wear, Newcastle or across the North East and want to explore a seamless transition to renewable heating, request a solar-integrated heat pump quote from Future Heat. Their team delivers bespoke design, installation, and servicing ensuring your properties are future-ready and energy-efficient.
You might also be wondering, can I install an air source heat pump myself? It’s generally recommended to use certified installers for optimal performance and warranty.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Yes, modern units maintain COP 2–4 even at −8 °C, thanks to variable-speed compressors.
On average, homeowners report ~£500‑£900/year inclusive of heating & cooling, often offset by grants and long‑term savings. This is directly related to heat pump running costs and how much electricity does an air source heat pump use.
For older homes, low-temperature output may require oversized radiators or UFH, Future Heat can advise based on home-specific heat demand. This addresses how air source heat pump underfloor heating works and whether air source heat pumps can heat radiators.
The UK Boiler Upgrade Scheme offers up to £7,500 (England/Wales) and £9,000 (Scotland), administered via installer-led applications.
Absolutely. A solar PV system paired with a heat pump reduces grid electricity dependency and maximises carbon savings.
Our Verdict
When comparing air source heat pump vs air conditioner, heat pumps emerge as the smarter long‑term choice for UK homeowners, landlords, and businesses, offering year‑round climate control, impressive efficiency, lower carbon emissions, and integration with government grant schemes. Initially pricier, they pay off through lower operational costs, longer lifespan, and positive environmental impact.
An AC unit may suit those needing occasional summer cooling on a tight budget, but if you’re investing in future-proof comfort and sustainability across the seasons, an air source heat pump is the clear winner.
Take action today. Get your tailored quote from Future Heat and discover how easy it is to combine solar PV with air source heating for greener, cleaner energy in your property.
Myles Robinson is a seasoned expert in the boiler and home improvement industry, with over a decade of experience. He is deeply committed to environmental sustainability, actively promoting energy-efficient heating solutions to help households reduce their carbon footprint. By combining industry expertise with a dedication to environmental responsibility, Myles continues to lead efforts in transforming home heating practices towards a more sustainable future.
